Emailhttps://thehomeschoolscientist.com/wp-admin/admin.php?page=socialsnap-settings#, Fighting Infections With Your Immune System, Fighting Back! The human immune system reacts quickly when a virus invades the body, shown in Figure 2 below. Put a drop of lotion on your hands and rub them together to spread the lotion out evenly. Remaining in a state of stress for long periods of time can affect the immune system because the body deals with its current stress rather than with immunity (since it views it as a more immediate problem). Tears, saliva and mucus keep germs from entering the body though the eyes, mouth and nose (for example, mucus traps dust to keep it from entering the lungs). At the middle school level, students should begin to view the body as a system, in which parts do things for other parts and for the organism as a whole. Students also learn how the immune system responds to viral invasions, eventually defeating the virusesif all goes well. Are the matches always perfect? Biology Minds. Get tips, resources, and ideas sent to your inbox! Should the teacher wish to include B cells in the game, he or she can assign a student to play a B cell that is responsible for making additional role cards for B cells as quickly as possible. The videos and links were selected to help you understand how immune system fights pathogens. VLS Focused Topics provide in-depth information and resources on more complex or specific subject matter including topics like Essentials in Child Care Food Service, Supporting Children with Challenging Behaviors, Trauma-Informed Care, and Coaching to Enhance Practice. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) destroys T cells, leaving the body extremely susceptible to opportunistic infections (caused by malnutrition, chemotherapy, etc.) The human immune system, germs, and practicing healthy hygiene habits have become topics our children have become very familiar with. In HMX Fundamentals Immunology, you'll learn about the processes that enable our immune systems to respond to evolving threats, and learn about new, immunology-based disease treatments. If the team cannot agree on an answer they consult the teacher. Nested under units are lessons (in purple) and hands-on activities (in blue). An understanding of the biological mechanisms behind the disease are crucial to develop a vaccine. Tears, saliva and mucus keep germs from entering the body though the eyes, mouth and nose. 6), Advances and innovations in medical technologies are used to improve healthcare. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. (Listen to student answers.) The accompanying worksheets guide students exploration. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! "Disease Detectives," a National Geographic (June 1991) article that describes physician John Snow's classic work in London to discover the source of a cholera outbreak in the mid-1800s. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Then the system keeps a memory of the antigen as well as copies of the corresponding antibody should future infections occur. Great for students and teachers. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique that detects and measures specific proteins. Put about a cup of water into the beaker, and stir in the sodium carbonate (a.k.a. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". epidemiology: A branch of medicine that is concerned with the causes, spread and control of diseases in populations. Vaccines contain dead or modified pathogens for a specific disease, so they cannot make us sick. White blood cells (macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells) these students are in charge of standing inside the classroom, by the door, to prevent invading antigens from proceeding further into the room. Ready, set, infect! is a role-playing game for middle-school science classrooms (ages 1114). If students mess up, they can start over with no pressure. Make sure to read both pages before you move on to the quiz. The game is a competition between two teams, in which students on one team represent an invading source of infection (antigens), and students from the other team are members of the human immune system (skin, white blood cells and antibodies). She is a former middle-school science teacher and currently focuses on teaching future teachers and providing professional development for elementary and secondary-school science teachers. The immune system relies on three main lines of defence, two of which are non-specific to the pathogen, and one of which is specific to fighting one particular type of germ. , How to get students to ask for help when they need it. Bacteria and viruses (or germs) are the most common invaders. At this point you can tell them that, fortunately, you took a "blood sample" from everyone before they started trading their "bodily fluids." . These proteins are made by B-cells and they attach to and destroy invading cells as part of our immune system defenses. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the NSF, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government. (Grade If students choose their own cups, the teacher cannot be accused of intentionally giving a student an "infected" cup. Continue until two or three (or most) students have bingo. Students must find a different student for each word. (Grades Students learn about the chambers and valves of the heart, the difference between veins and arteries, and the different components of blood. This interactive, modular lab explores how the ELISA method can be used to test blood samples for evidence of certain diseases. Please enter a search term in the text box. Vaccine Lab Teaching Resources | Teachers Pay Teachers Viral Hijackers - Lesson - TeachEngineering Have students research common vaccinations and make recommendations for which vaccinations would be important for astronauts before they go into space. Bell, Trudy E. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Space Research, The Office of Biological and Physical Research, Research and Projects, "In Sickness and in Health: Immunity and the Stressed Astronaut," March 2003, http://spaceresearch.nasa.gov/research_projects/immune_12-2002.html, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Net News, The Immune System, September 25, 2003, http://www.niaid.nih.gov/final/immun/immun.htm, National Institutes of Health, "In Their Own Words NIH Researchers Recall the Early Years of AIDS," June 4, 2001, http://aidshistory.nih.gov/discovery_of_HIV/images/budding.gif, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Review, Systems Biology: Advancing at a Breathtaking Pace, Volume 37 Number 3, 2004, http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/v37_3_04/images/a02_bacteria_full.jpg, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Adaptive Immune System | The Vaccine Makers Project A newly made HIV virus is shown in this photomicrograph, immediately after being released from the infected immune cell just below it.copyrightCopyright NIH. Survey: Have students complete the AIDS Knowledge Survey to gauge their level of understanding on the topic. What are possible solutions for reducing these types of dangers? Viruses cannot reproduce on their own, so they insert their genetic material into your cells and use them as virus-making factories. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Exploring the immune system. Remind them that in brainstorming, no idea or suggestion is "silly." In this lab, students perform a virtual ELISA to test whether a particular antibody is present in a blood sample. What does your body do when you are sick? If all the antigens are vanquished, then the immune system has successfully kept the body healthy. This simplified diagram is not to scale. 9 - The article also tells the story of a more contemporary outbreak in west Africa, which is particularly interesting because of the role prevailing cultural practices can play in the transmission of a disease. The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system, and most of the nutrients are absorbed here. Mechanical damage (such as broken bones and torn ligaments), vitamin deficiency (such as anemia if you do not get enough iron), organ decay, genetic disease and cancer are examples of a "sick" body. }); Virtual labs are a great tool to try if you have computer access. Your body's attackers include tiny bacteria and viruses. Have students explain their approach to determining who the original infected persons were. One to several 50-minute class periods, depending on which sections are used. The macrophages and neutrophils must engulf antigens by placing two hands on an antigens shoulders. Ask students to use what they learned to describe how the body is a system of interacting subsystems composed of groups of cells. The associated lesson gives extensive background for this activity. (Answer: Bacteria.) While this is not the first step in a real immune response, it is an important one that is unique to humans and higher vertebrates, and allows for the body to target specific pathogens and remember them in preparation for future contact. Do you agree with this alignment? How do engineers help our immune systems stay healthy? Describe the type of work that epidemiologists do. T-cells activate macrophages, which are cells that "eat" or engulf pathogens, dead cells and cellular debris. white blood cell: A cell that destroys bacteria and viruses. The immune system is the group of organs and tissues that protects the human body from outside biological influences (see Figure 1). Without the advancements that provide us with clean air and water, we would be more at risk to become dangerously sick from breathing poor air and using/drinking inferior water. Astronauts' stress levels tend to rise during spaceflight because of difficulty in adapting to microgravity, the risks involved with spaceflight, isolation from friends and family, close living quarters, sleep deprivation, the absence of a day and night cycle, busy work schedules, etc. Both students should record the number of the cup belonging to the person they just exchanged liquids with. The Immunotherapy worksheet applies the content in the Click & Learn to cancer immunotherapy. As part of a whole-class discussion, begin by asking students to share the last time they were ill and how long the illness lasted. Dont miss the entire Human Anatomy and Physiology series from The Homeschool Scientist. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Currents, "Computers Identify T Cell Turn-Ons," edited by Pamela Patterson, October 3, 2003, http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Currents/Archive/view-assets/Oct-03-2003/t-cell2.jpg. are immune, and students with "S" are susceptible. One example of an impaired immune system is the existence of allergieswhen the immune system reacts to an allergen (such as pollen, dust, animal fur, certain food, etc.) By exchanging bodily fluids with their friends, it is likely that several more students are now "infected with HIV." This is why it is important that students do not know who their matching antigen or antibody is before the start of the game. Engineers design the systems intended to keep astronauts' immune systems as healthy as possible while traveling in space, including developing the instruments to monitor immunity during space travel. Additionally, environmental engineers work to keep the air we breathe and the water we drink free of toxins via air purifiers and water filters. White blood cells (also called leukocytes) do most of the work during an immune response. (Grades The lymph system filters lymph and removes bacteria. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Have the bag engulf, ingest (gobble up), and eliminate these large globs of material. When a virus somehow gets into the body, very large white blood cells known as macrophages encounter them, probably by chance, and recognize them as things that do not belong in the body. pathogen: Biological agent that can cause disease in the body. lymph system: Filters lymph and removes bacteria. Once it has identified a harmful foreign or non-self agent, it launches an attack against it to remove it from the body. Immune System Virtual Lab Webquest. It can show whether a patient has antibodies related to certain diseases, making it useful for medical diagnoses. Ask the students to draw a model of the immune system (it can be a concept map, a comic strip, an animation or any other form of expression that is appropriate) to evaluate their ability to analyse data and construct an explanation based on their analysis. You can do this activity either in small groups using the tabletop templates as explained above, or with the whole class using the full-sized templates. Additionally, teachers can emphasize the evolution of the adaptive immune response as advantageous to survival, highlighting DCIs around natural selection. immune system: The organ system that protects the body from outside biological influences. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. In multicellular organisms, the body is a system of multiple interacting subsystems. Do you agree with this alignment? At the middle school level, this activity relates to the DCI that, in multicellular organisms, groups of specialized cells work together as members of organs and organ systems in incredibly complex ways. Skin (or mucus or cilia): skin is an effective barrier to the entry of micro-organisms, while cilia, tears, sweat, saliva, mucus and earwax trap or wash micro-organisms away. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Have students write "50% Immune" and "50% Susceptible" on Round 2 of the student handout. Animals with adaptive immune responses have evolved the ability to not only target specific pathogens, but also to create memory cells that remember the pathogens theyve been exposed to. Fighting Infections with Your Immune System | Lesson Plan - Science Buddies It also allows students to develop a more complex conceptual model of how cells, chemicals and infecting agents interact simultaneously in the immune system. It acts as a defense against foreign particles that want to enter your body, protects against some poisons and suppresses cancer cells. Give some examples from history, such as the Plague, AIDS, Ebola, H1N1, or make reference to movies such as Outbreak. Word Document File; Internet Activities . In brief: Students circulate through six stations that cover the structure of viruses and bacteria, viral infection/replication, building a model of a virus, the immune system, and treating infection (specifically . Some hormones (tymosin) encourage lymphocyte production, while others (steroids and corticosteroids) suppress the immune system. They may not be able to deduce the original three infected persons, but they should be able to eliminate all but 4-6 students. Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. However, antibiotics can lose their effectiveness if the bacteria mutates into a new strain that differs from that which the medicine was not intended to destroy. For younger students, the simple idea that antigens can match with antibodies to keep us from getting sick may be enough to emphasize these concepts. Find a percent of a quantity as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of a quantity means 30/100 times the quantity); solve problems involving finding the whole, given a part and the percent. that it normally ignores. In reality, there are millions of different kinds of each. Using a permanent marker, number the cups 1 to 24, 28, or 32, depending on class size. Tagging by touch must be gentle no pushing. Sign up to receive a free glow stick lab sent to your inbox! As the narrator, the teacher should commentate on the action (e.g. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Have students investigate allergies and how the immune system responds to them. While bacteria often grow in the fluids between your cells, and can reproduce and spread through the body via the bloodstream, viruses have a different strategy. These resources also work well as emergency sub lessons for a biology or middle school science class.This comprehensive bundle of resources will help students understand this critical time in history from a scientific perspective. With the students, review the different proteins in our bodies that are produced by cells: Hemoglobin is manufactured in developing red blood cells within our bone marrow. 8), Use management processes in planning, organizing, and controlling work. When fighting certain bacterial infections, the lymph nodes become swollen so that you are able to feel them (usually in the neck). Describe what happens to the immune system in space. The organs of the immune system.copyrightCopyright National Institutes of Health http://www.niaid.nih.gov/final/immun/immun.htm. This only works with diseases that do not rapidly mutate or have many different strains. Once they get going, it may be easy at first to eliminate students who could not have been the initially infected ones, but it will then become more difficult. that shapes our lives. Figure 1. catch a cold) as the antigen multiplies. As you complete this activity with students, consider what additional information they may need. If you know of other sites, please share in the comments! Immunology Online - HMX | Harvard Medical School Technological advances have made it possible to create new devices, to repair or replace certain parts of the body, and to provide a means for mobility. Ensure they use evidence to support their argument. Secondary Science Virtual Labs - Science Lessons That Rock Antibodies (represented by the white shapes) are proteins produced by B cells, which are specialized cells produced by your immune system. 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