The end products will not just benefit project partners in Georgia, but also include case studies and open-source resources for applying USEEIO in communities across the country. ADS How to Use the EPA USEEIO Model - A Workshop v1.2 estimated 2007 mining water withdrawals by scaling 2002 water IO vector coefficients in gal/$M by changes in annual employment53,71. The first ranking uses Hr calculated where y is the US production vector, yp (see Eq. Technol. 35, is a vector of the column sums of the given H (see Eqs. An official website of the United States government. The Make table columns represent which commodities are produced by different industries. Truck transport fell out of the top 20. 1b, rankings reveal some minor shifting of positions. These values are included in the WasteDisaggregation_Make sheet in the primary data record, in the Industry disaggregation rows. USEEIO v2.0, The US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output - Nature This can be represented in unit form in Eq. In flowsa, source classification codes are used to allocation emissions to one or more NAICS through activity-to-sector mapping files. Emissions of pesticides from agricultural activities are excluded from this dataset as they are captured in the pesticides table. We examine these differences by indicator in a series of grouped charts comparing v2.0 and v1.2 impact coefficients (N matrix) by sector and indicator67. All flows in these published datasets, except those from the commercial waste datasets which are waste flows and not elementary flows, were mapped to the FEDEFLv1.0.7. 11:25-11:30. 28, 99118, https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.2.99 (2014). Definition. In a default allocation, all columns are disaggregated according to the default percentage values for each of the disaggregated sectors. Environmentally Extended Input-Output Data.EEIO data refers to EEIO emission factors that can be used to estimate scope 1, 2, and upstream Scope 3 GHG Emissions for a given industry or product category.. EEIO data is particularly useful in screening emissions sources when prioritizing data collection efforts. 12:15-12:30. Conserv. In other words, the monetary and physical flows occur in the same direction: makers of the waste treatment commodity receive both the physical waste to be disposed and the money for the disposal service. The value added sectors are the wages, taxes, and gross operating surplus for the industries present in the USEEIO model. There are five industries that produce the 562000 commodity. PDF EMISSION FACTORS 2021 DATABASE DOCUMENTATION - Microsoft To obtain an allocation percentage for the industries that consume Waste management and remediation services commodity (i.e. 4, 5. United States Environmental Protection Agency, email: However, this interpretation does not hold for the pesticides that contribute to this impact, which include Methyl Bromide. For more information and to download the 2016 report and methodology, see: https://www.epa.gov/smm/2016-recycling-economic-information-rei-report-and-methodology. 20095041 https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095041 (U.S. Geological Survey, 2009). Publications Office of the European Union Additionally, the Water_national_2015_m1 methodology differs from Water Use Satellite table compiled for v1 for Crop Irrigation, Industrial, Mining, Thermoelectric, and Hydroelectric water estimates. UM Scope 3 Purchased Goods & Services Emissions Footprinting An analogous series of direct impact coefficient (D matrix) comparison charts are also provided for interpretation68, but are not analyzed in depth here. When making these improvements, it is recommended to focus first on categories with the largest impact on the organizations total GHG inventory. 2-6 digit 2012 NAICS Code File. As the original flow totals in Ei are in various dollar years but the model economic components are all in a consistent 2012, to validate the model, an output adjustment is required to Bi, which is achieved through multiplication with , an output adjustment matrix, as well as transforming it to commodity form. Figure 2 shows an example progression over time of improvement and expansion. D is an indicator x sector matrix and contains in each column i the direct impact result per 1 USD output of sector j. The industries in the E columns match the industries in x. U.S. Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/naics/concordances/2012_to_2007_NAICS.xls (2019). figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17377805 (2021). The additional data records are national flow totals by sectors that serve as data inputs in model building. After waste management itself, the next 31 input sectors (out of 177) comprise 70% of intermediate inputs. This level of aggregation prevents targeted analysis of various waste handling activities, such as material recovery (recycling). Li, M., Ingwersen, W., Young, B., Vendries, J. EPA's GHG Emission Factors Hub provides factors for most scope 3 categories. In most cases, these factors are simply averages of all available data of acceptable quality, and are generally assumed to be representative of long-term averages for all facilities in the source category (i.e., a population average). It is a method that national statistical offices (NSOs) are beginning to adopt as a complement to other data produced in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA). 1. 2007 Census of Agriculture. Aquaculture and Thermoelectric withdrawals are assigned to the 4-digit NAICS codes 1125 and 2211, respectively. The Use table intersection represents the consumption of the Waste management and remediation services commodity by the Waste management and remediation services industry itself. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524312 (2021). The consumption vector is defined in Eq. In order to split impacts between US and Rest of World (RoW), the requirements from production need to be split between domestic inputs and foreign inputs. Li, M. & Ingwersen, W. H_r and H_f matrices of USEEIOv1.2 and v2.0.1-411. The decrease is more notable in electricity and transportation sectors. Data for commercial hazardous waste are sourced from the Resource Conversation Recovery Act Biennial Report, the same source as used in v1.2. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Water use for crops originally used acreage data for 37 crops accessed through the USDA Irrigation and Water Management Survey (IWMS)49. Read more in their annualcarbon disclosurereport. General Information. Changes in selection of data sources and methodologies for compiling these into a standard format are described below. However, changes in the Make Transactions have resulted in a substantial increase in the quantity assigned to the Corn products commodity; Other basic organic chemicals, which is one of the largest generators of CRHW, supplies a significantly higher share of Corn products in the make transactions, increasing from approximately 4% of total commodity output in 2007 to 37% in 2012. Quarterly census of employment and wages 2017. https://www.bls.gov/cew/downloadable-data-files.htm (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020). 21. where lc is the column representing the commodity of interest from the L matrix, and dn is the transposed row representing the indicator of interest from the D matrix. The three zeroes at the end of the BEA code for Waste management and remediation services indicate that it is at the 3-digit NAICS level. SMOG impacts are driven by emissions of NO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/data/2010/ (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2013). This report describes the preparation of those factors with a background on the modeling associated with this preparation, and presents extensive analysis of the factors, including supporting equations and results in two appendices. The technical model name for the model described here is USEEIO v2.0.1411 following the USEEIO versioning scheme as of model finalization9, but it is referred to throughout simply as v2.0. Environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) models have been developed to evaluate the linkages between economic activities and environmental impacts as well as the embodied emissions in goods and . Emissions are assigned to industries based on the NAICS reported by each facility. All nomenclature used is defined in the Table 4. Basic Information of Air Emissions Factors and Quantification It may also yield insights into changes in US industry environmental performance that may be of interest to users that have used a v1 model either directly or via an interface like the SMM Prioritization Tools. Waste management and remediation services fell out of the top 20 due to the disaggregation of the waste sectors in v2.0. Where particular elementary flows are reported in both NEI and TRI, flows are maintained from the NEI only to prevent double counting. 16, 157167, https://doi.org/10.1080/0953531042000219286 (2004). In v2.0, the USDA CoA land in farms data are used as an allocation source, rather than as a primary data source. The accuracy of the impact proportion depending on the validity of the assumption that domestic impact intensities are equivalent to foreign impact intensities, which is not likely valid in all cases. Then one can continue to derive the equivalent of L for domestic use, Ld from Ad, using Eq. USEEIO v2.0 was built in useeior v1.0.061. The model indicators are put in the form of an indicator x flow matrix, C, where the values are the quantitative relation of the flows to the indicator value, also known as characterization factors in the life cycle impact assessment literature. Step 3: Improve and expand emissions estimate over time. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524317 (2021). They allow for calculating the added value that each sector contributes to the final output of an economy. Waste commodity consumption is concentrated within a few sectors, with 55% of the commodity consumed by the top five sectors. 2010 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is using USEEIO to model the life cycle impacts of power plant infrastructure. 1a, Electricity followed by Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains remain in the top two places, but Cattle ranches and feedlots has moved into the third place. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1368541 (2017). Commercial buildings energy consumption survey 2012. https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/ (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2016). Although QCEW employment data is one of the main sources in the creation of the National Employment Matrix, the National Employment Matrix also incorporates data from the Occupational Employment Statistics program (OES), the Current Employment Statistics program (CES), and the Current Population Survey (CPS)60. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities (No. The BEA Use table reports the data for final US demand by these consumers, grouping them at varying levels of resolution depending on the level of resolution of the Use table (i.e., sector, summary or detail). This dataset has national level GHG emissions for 53 economic sectors in the US, for the year 2017. This EPA report describes supply chain GHG emission factors prepared with versions of the USEEIO, which are life cycle models of all categories of goods and services and industries in the US economy. In v2.0, Scrap is left in the model to simplify the accounting procedures, but we do not recommend use of multipliers generated from Scrap because of the lack of a clear material or functional characterization of this commodity. The intent of this detailed analysis is to provide information and recommendations on available opportunities to work with County vendors to improve environmental performance and advance the health and wellbeing of the residents of Alameda County and beyond., US Department of Energy FEDEFL Inventory Methods v1.0.0. In these datasets, emissions are reported by county and assigned to source classification codes. Also, change in inventories, y, is positive for commodities produced but not sold, and negative for commodities consumed from a previous years production. Chemical releases to ground are sourced from the Toxic Release Inventory, the same source as used in v1.2. https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/water-use-terminology?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects (2019). 23 is used for y. US Department of Defense Both versions of sector attribution modeling use the IWMS statistics on water application rates. The modeling steps were written in Python and consolidated into a software package called flowsa. Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods, referred to as Scope 3 emissions in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 3 Accounting and Reporting Standard, represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. 6 above, but using the commodity gross output chain price index in place of the industry gross output chain price index. With the pesticide loss model input data remaining the same, but inflation in the commodity as seen in the P matrix between 2012 (USD year of v2.0) and 2013 (USD year of v1.2) created a lower denominator in v2.0, resulting in a higher pesticide-related impact intensity (since dollar output is in the denominator) for this sector. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Information System (RCRAInfo) database contains information on the flows of hazardous waste22, and is mainly used in the disaggregation of the Use table intersection. Results are presented in Fig. J. Econ. The Make table rows represent which waste management industries (rows) produce commodities (columns) other that waste management. All the indicator datasets were produced by the LCIA formatter v1.0.162,63, which like the environmental and employment data had been harmonized with the FEDEFL. USEEIO v2.0 described herein is a commodity model with the full breadth of US economic output split into 411 commodity categories. There are two exceptions to these allocation values in the Make table row disaggregation. 26. where HRoW is the contribution from Rest of World, and Hd is the contribution from the US. This paper describes the development of the model and accompanies the release of a full model dataset as well as various supporting datasets of national environmental totals by US industry. How to select the correct project type and why it is important Yang, Y., Ingwersen, W. W., Hawkins, T. R., Srocka, M. & Meyer, D. E. USEEIO: A New and Transparent United States Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model. The Use table rows represent the use of commodities by the industries in the IO table. The SAS data provides the total expenses of more detailed sectors within Waste management and remediation services. Reviewed and released models are listed on the model technical content webpage . Five water withdrawal categories are directly attributed to sectors. A full list of model commodities is presented in the primary data record. Learn More For waste management disaggregation, a subset of the RCRAInfo database that contains waste flows from shipping facilities to receiving/storage facilities (arranged by NAICS sector codes) was used. Amazon used USEEIO as a source for life cycle CO2e factors in their corporate carbon footprint calculation for estimating part of their carbon footprint related to purchased goods and services and their facilities. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Therefore, BEA code 1111A0 should be connected to all these NAICS codes in order to form a complete BEA-NAICS correspondence. Ec is obtained from Ei by multiplying its transpose by the commodity mix matrix, Cm, and transposing the result. volume9, Articlenumber:194 (2022) An exponent of 1 represents an inverse. Ranking sectors based a composite score of selected total impacts associated with total US demand is used as a means of prioritization in the SMM Prioritization Tools. National Biennial Hazardous Waste Report 2011. https://www.epa.gov/hwgenerators/biennial-hazardous-waste-report (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). J. The calculation of total impact, H, measured with indicator, i, associated with a purchase of commodity, c, in year y USD, with the cost of the commodity $c given in purchaser price would be calculated with Eq. United States Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) Modeling Framework for USEEIOv2.0. Young, B., Birney, C. & Ingwersen, W. National point source releases to water by industry 2017 v1.1. Public Land Statistics 2007. Domestic food supply chains freshwater use over time. BEA detail) through a schema mapping. In v2.0, withdrawals are calculated for 64 crops identified in the 2017 USDA CoA. Note that normalized Make table transactions are unchanged. The correspondence stems from BEA-NAICS relationship table released with national input-output (IO) accounts by BEA10. PDF Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories The environmental data inputs for an EEIO model are national totals of flows (physical movements of specific resources, emissions or employment) by industries. Calculate Procurement-Related Emissions - Salesforce These flows must be adjusted or mapped to reflect the inclusion of the disaggregated waste sectors. That is, for each row in the waste management columns, the original value is multiplied by these default percentages and assigned to the corresponding disaggregated column along that row. ipcc-efdb@iges.or.jp. & Birney, C. USEEIO v2.0.1-411. Thus, whatever is not explicitly allocated to 562112, Hazardous waste collection, is assumed to go to Solid waste collection, 562111. 25. This general decrease in v2.0 factors reflects the steady national decrease in SO2 emissions from 2011 to 201769. The Sector Crosswalk can be used to identify a NAICS code associated with a USEEIO code, and tools like the Census NAICS code search75 can be used to identify NAICS codes associated with the purchase. 19. You can choose whether functional and advertising cookies apply. Birney, C., Conner, M., Specht, J. These footprints can be calculated by performing a model calculation as in Eqs. & Ingwersen, W. National land occupation totals by industry 2012 v1.1. Coverage of these data used in v2.0 is equivalent to that from v1.2 as seen in Table2. Please click here to see any active alerts. The BEA IO sector codes are based on the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). To assist in quantifying these emissions, EPA has developed a comprehensive set of supply chain emission factors covering all categories of goods and services in the US economy. 17, 19) matrix, representing total indicator amount for each indicator. 56299: All 6-digit NAICS codes under the 5 digit 56299 code are assigned to 562OTH in the USEEIO classification. For v2.0, total value added per industry is taken directly from the same 2012 BEA Use table that is a source for the economic data. The economic outputs also checks for both models, except for the commodities Used and secondhand goods and Noncomparable imports, which have negative uses for balancing purposes in the Use table and therefore failures were expected. The direct perspective calculation associates the totals with the sectors that produce the given flows (e.g. Article - Government published carbon conversion factors. US Territories and Tribal Lands are not included. CarbonSAVER: Scope3 Factors U.S. Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/naics/2012NAICS/2-digit_2012_Codes.xls (2019). However, revisions to mappings between SCC codes and sectors, and updates in data collection lead to some notable differences in sector emissions including: Increase in emissions for construction sectors. USEEIO v2.0 is an environmental-economic model of US goods and services that can be used for life cycle assessment, footprinting, national prioritization, and related applications. zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6370073 (2022). USEEIO v2.0, or referred to solely as v2.0, is the latest edition of the US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model for assessing a full suite of potential life cycle impacts of US goods and services. 15, 18. 54, 30913102, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06024 (2020). The USEEIO dataset that comes with Net Zero Cloud is from an analysis performed in the year 2012. Industrial water withdrawals in v1.1 were calculated by scaling Canadian water withdrawals for manufacturing by US GDP. This method for creating the A matrix is based on the industry- technology assumption, wherein the manufacture of the primary and any secondary commodities by an industry uses the same production requirements, and the commodity requirements are based therefore on the mix of industries that produce that commodity, weighted by their relative share of total commodity output16. Guinee, J. Handbook on life cycle assessment. Chemical releases to water are sourced from 2017 facility reported emissions data from the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)29 and the Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR)33. The direct+indirect flows x sector matrix with the final perspective, Gf is calculated with Eq. The final perspective associates the totals with the final consumption sectors that drove that impact. Truck transportation (484000): the entirety of the 562000 commodity produced by this sector is assigned to the Solid waste collection (562111) column, as it is assumed that the truck transportation service is used in waste collection. Yang, Y., Hawkins, T. & Ingwersen, W. USEEIO satellite files. Zeng, L. & Ramaswami, A. For the Scrap (S00401) commodity, the entirety of the production value is assigned to the Material separation/recovery facilities (562920) industry, under the assumption that these facilities are the ones responsible for recovering scrap during waste management. With the flow coefficient matrix B and the total requirements matrix L, the matrix M which contains the direct and indirect flow coefficients can be calculated with Eq. Developed by EPA researchers in support of the Agencys sustainable materials management program, USEEIO melds data on economic transactions between 389 industry sectors with a wealth of environmental information, including data on land, water, energy and mineral use, air pollution, nutrients, and toxics. Ingwersen, W. & Li, M. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. This information is used to perform a default allocation of the expenses of the disaggregated waste management sectors along the Use table columns, except for the waste management sectors intersection and the value-added sectors. Derivation of these demand vectors is described in depth in the Final Demand section, since these have not been previously described in USEEIO documentation. Water withdrawal by industry was allocated to NAICS using BLS QCEW employment data. Other economic data sources used include the Gross Industry Output data and the associated Gross Output Chain-Type Price Index data for years 20022017, the 2012 Margins data that contain the value added per commodity between point of manufacture and point of sale that make up the difference between producers and purchasers price, and the 2012 Import Matrix (Table1). The scope 3 emissions for one organization are the scope 1 and 2 emissions of another organization. The final demand vectors represent purchases of goods and services by final consumers, including by households, investors and governments. It provides a robust resource for estimating the potential impactsenvironmental and economicassociated with the production or consumption of goods and services. The overall consistency in the impact intensities and rankings between v2.0 and v1.2 confirms relative consistency and robustness in the model with some changes that can be explained based on input data changes or methodological improvements. Users can find a coefficient (per USD) in producers price in 2012 USD by finding the cell at the intersection of the row with the flow (M matrix) or indicator (N matrix) of interest along with the column with the commodity best representing the purchase. The first complete and peer-reviewed USEEIO model, v1.0, was released in early 2017 and described in Yang et al.2 and related datasets3,4. Subsequently the country supply-use tables were linked via trade creating an MR-SUT and producing a MR-IOTs . Heijungs, R. & Suh, S. The Computational Structure of Life Cycle Assessment. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (2023), Scientific Data (Sci Data) Ingwersen, W. et al. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. The construction sectors, Single family homes, Other residential structures, and Housing, have all dropped significantly in the ranking, the latter two no longer appearing in the top 20. Electricity and Drinking Water) or construction activities (e.g., Highways, Streets and Bridges, and Utilities Buildings and Infrastructure), which are sectors dominated by domestic activities. Allocation for this sector is described in the Make table intersection disaggregation section. In v2.0, these emissions have been allocated to manufacturing sectors on the basis of fuel consumption by fuel type30. Econ. This EPA report describes supply chain GHG emission factors prepared with versions of the USEEIO, which are life cycle models of all categories of goods and services and industries in the US economy. This model was based on the 2007 input-output data with 385 commodities and mixed-year environmental data with the latest representing 2013. v1.1 added additional satellite tables and made methodological updates to some existing tables5,6. The literature assessing the environmental impacts of household consumption is mostly focused on developed economies, thus, leaving a critical gap when it comes to assessing the impacts of household consumption and of related environmental policies in developing countries . To prevent this, we apply a different allocation value to the value-added sectors of the disaggregated waste industries based on the intermediate industry totals (i.e., non-value-added allocations): where piW denotes the value-added allocation proportions, W is the value added matrix in the form of value added components per dollar industry output that is extracted from the full Use table, Vi denotes the industry throughput derived from the Make table (row sums), i'(UW) denotes the intermediate industry throughput derived from the Use table (column sums) and not including the value added matrix. The approach used to disaggregate this sector provides 6-digit NAICS granularity, which is the most detailed NAICS designation given in the official classification. The indicator characterization factors for all elementary flows were built in the LCIA Formatter v1.0.263 as LCIA data products. The Waste management and remediation services industry itself produces most of this commodity (83%). EPA/600/R-19/092 https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=347251 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2019). Technol. 13). As described in the Splitting Impacts section, in v2.0, impacts can be split between those originating in the US vs. the rest of the world. Scope 3 calculation method improved and boundary expanded over time. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1526371 (2017). The matrix M is a flow x sector matrix and contains in each row i the direct plus indirect flows per 1 USD output of the sector in column j.
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