Corrections? This lesson explores the life and family tree of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. Encyclopdia Britannica. It is earliest associated with Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245-1296) (the younger son of King Henry III) whose third son John of Lancaster (1286-1317) was called "Seigneur of Beaufort". This rumour, which infuriated him, may have been inspired by the fact that Edward III had not been present at his birth.[4]. The House of Beaufort continues to exist in a further illegitimate line, surnamed "Somerset", the senior representative of which is Henry Somerset, 12th Duke of Beaufort, who is thus a direct male-line descendant, albeit via a legitimated and an illegitimate line, of King Henry II, the first Plantagenet King of England. John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, whereas I have purchased divers manors, &c. before my marriage with my dear wife Catherine, to whom I have given several parts for her life, and I have enfeoffed my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, with certain other parts, &c. to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, brother of the aforesaid John, manors which belonged to Edward de Kendale, the reversion of which I have bought of Dame Elizabeth Crosier, also the lordships, &c. of which Dame Elizabeth Barry held for the term of her life, to him and the heirs of his body; in default of which to my said son John, and the heirs of his body; failing which to my dear daughter Joan, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland; I will that my dear bachelier Monsr Robert Nevil, William Gascoigne, my dear esquires, Thomas de Radclyf, and William Kat'yng, and my dear clerk Thomas de Langley, who, according to my directions, are enfeoffed in the Manor of Bernolswyk, in the County of York, pay annually to my executors for Dame Katherine del Staple xx marks for her life; and touching the wapentakes of Hangest, Hangwest, and Halykeld, in Richmondshire, which I have before granted to my dear son-in-law Ralph Earl of Westmoreland, and to my daughter Joan, his wife, for their lives, I will, &c. From Testamenta Vetusta, Being Illustrations from Wills, of Manners, Customs, &c., vol. [23] He impaled his arms with those of the Spanish kingdom. However, in 1406, Henry IV decided that although the Beauforts were legitimate, their line could not be used to make any claim to the throne. John (Plantagenet) of Gaunt KG is a member of the House of Lancaster. The family tree for John of Gaunt is still in progress. John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of King Richard II (Edward the Black Prince's son) and the ensuing periods of political strife. A modern monument in the crypt lists John of Gaunt's grave as among the important ones lost. Through John II of Castile's great-granddaughter Joanna the Mad, John of Gaunt is also an ancestor of the Habsburg rulers who would reign in Spain and much of central Europe. Famous descendants Sir Hugh Luttrell's famous descendants include:[citation needed] Robert Carter I: A wealthy Virginia colonist and slave-owner, one of the richest men in Virginia at his time The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was broken out of political necessity. Vol. Constance of Castile Facts: Known for: her claim to the crown of Castile led to an attempt by her husband, England's John of Gaunt, to control that land. The death of the Black Prince on 8 June 1376 and the onset of Edward III's last illness at the closing of Parliament on 10 July left John with all the reins of power. When he became unpopular later in life, a scurrilous rumour circulated, along with lampoons, claiming that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher. The children bore the surname "Beaufort" after a former French possession of the duke. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. For my birthday, I gave my mom to friends. When Edward III died in 1377 and John's ten-year-old nephew succeeded as Richard II of England, John's influence strengthened. On his return he obtained the chief influence with his father, but he had serious opponents among a group of powerful prelates who aspired to hold state offices. Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1427), married Margaret Neville, daughter of Sir Thomas de Neville and Joan Furnivall. Their daughter Philippa became Queen of Portugal by marrying King John I of Portugal in 1387. However a decree of King Henry IV in 1406 barred his legitimated half-siblings and their issue from any claim to the throne and the illegitimacy of the Somerset branch doubly bars them. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. London: The St. Catherine Press, p.409, note (f), See his arms with baton sinister in his portrait, Cokayne, G. E. & Geoffrey H. White, eds. John sailed from England on 9 July 1386 with a huge Anglo-Portuguese fleet carrying an army of about 5,000 men plus an extensive "royal" household and his wife and daughters. Married to: Sir Oliver St John, of Bletsoe; 14251437. On 19 May 1359 at Reading Abbey, John married his third cousin, Blanche of Lancaster, daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. John married Katherine in 1396, and their four children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. Not enough ships could be found to transport the horses, and the expedition was tasked with the more limited objective of capturing St. Malo. By Blanche of Lancaster John fathered five children outside marriage, one early in life by a lady-in-waiting to his mother, and four by Katherine Swynford, Gaunt's long-term mistress and third wife. The Beauforts suffered heavily in the Wars of the Roses. From the eldest son, John, descended a granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort, whose son, later King Henry VII of England, would nevertheless claim the throne. John of Gaunt was buried beside his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, between the choir stalls of St Paul's Cathedral. Through them, many royal families of Europe can trace lineage to him. Upon the death of his father-in-law, the 1st Duke of Lancaster, in 1361, John received half his lands, the title "Earl of Lancaster", and distinction as the greatest landowner in the north of England as heir of the Palatinate of Lancaster. [8] [9] Though he is always called "John of Gaunt", it is a name he was never called in his own lifetime after the age of three when he received his first title. FamousKin.com cannot and does not guarantee the accuracy and reliability of these sources. From 1372, John gathered around himself a small court of refugee Castilian knights and ladies and set up a Castilian chancery that prepared documents in his name according to the style of Peter of Castile, dated by the Castilian era and signed by himself with the Spanish formula "Yo El Rey" ("I, the King"). John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He is also referred to by Falstaff in Henry IV Part I. Hungerford in Berkshire has ancient links to the Duchy, the manor becoming part of John of Gaunt's estate in 1362 before James I passed ownership to two local men in 1612 (which subsequently became Town & Manor of Hungerford Charity). He was most famous for signing the Magna Carta in 1215, and for losing the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, thus receiving his nickname Lackland. The arms of Castile and Len appeared on the dexter side of the shield (the left-hand side as viewed), and the differenced English royal arms on the sinister; but in 1388, when he surrendered his claim, he reversed this marshalling, placing his own arms on the dexter, and those of Castile and Len on the sinister. Probably John's most notable feat of arms occurred in AugustDecember 1373, when he attempted to relieve Aquitaine by the landward route, leading an army of some 9,000 mounted men from Calais on a great chevauche from north-eastern to south-western France on a 900-kilometre raid. He died in 1387 after six years of marriage. He was the immediate ancestor of the three 15th-century Lancastrian monarchs, Henry IV, V, and VI. SOURCE: Wikipedia [28][29] "Chaucer as narrator" openly defies Fortune, proclaiming he has learned who his enemies are through her tyranny and deceit, and declares "my suffisaunce" (15) and that "over himself hath the maystrye" (14). The estate of Beaufort was eventually inherited, with other vast possessions, by John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (third surviving son of King Edward III) following his marriage to the heiress Blanche of Lancaster. 12.1 (2nd ed.). The links are visible today in the Town & Manor-owned John O'Gaunt Inn on Bridge Street,[45] the John O'Gaunt School on Priory Road,[46] as well as various street names. On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. Elizabeth (1364-1426), married (1) in 1380 John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1372-1389), annulled 1383; married (2) in 1386 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (1350-1400); (3) Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke (d. 1443) There were four children: John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (13731410); Cardinal Henry Beaufort, (13751447), Bishop of Winchester; Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (13771426) and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland (13791440). Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess, also known as the Deeth of Blaunche the Duchesse,[26] was written in commemoration of Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's first wife. 1st Duke of Lancaster. As de facto ruler during Richard's minority, he made unwise decisions on taxation that led to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, when the rebels destroyed his home in London, the Savoy Palace. John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, best known for his work The Canterbury Tales. John of Gaunt is a character in William Shakespeare's play Richard II. He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the Crown of Castile that came through his second wife, Constance of Castile, and for a time styled himself as King of Castile. On his return from France in 1374, John took a more decisive and persistent role in the direction of English foreign policy. Blanche died on 12 September 1368 at Tutbury Castle, while her husband was overseas. As with any good genealogical research, if you discover a link to your own family tree, consider it a starting point for further research. In September, the siege was simply abandoned and the army returned ingloriously to England. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. [19] It was rumoured (and believed by many people in England and France) that he intended to seize the throne for himself and supplant the rightful heir, his nephew Richard, the son of the Black Prince, but there seems to have been no truth in this and on the death of Edward III and the accession of the child Richard II, John sought no position of regency for himself and withdrew to his estates. An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403. John of Gaunt was a son of King Edward III of England, but as he was only the third son, he and his descendants were not expected to ascend to the throne, which they ultimately did. When John of Gaunt died in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the crown, since King Richard II had named Henry a traitor and changed his sentence to exile for life. [31][32] The monument was severely damaged, and perhaps destroyed, during the period of the Interregnum (16491660); and anything that survived was lost (with the rest of the cathedral) in the Great Fire of London of 1666. The fact that he became identified with the attempts to make peace added to his unpopularity at a period when the majority of Englishmen believed victory would be in their grasp if only the French could be defeated decisively as they had been in the 1350s. The campaign of AprilJune 1387 was an ignominious failure. John received the title "Duke of Lancaster" from his father on 13 November 1362. John was left isolated (even the Black Prince supported the need for reform) and the Commons refused to grant money for the war unless most of the great officers of state were dismissed and the king's mistress Alice Perrers, another focus of popular resentment, was barred from any further association with him. John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. Philippa (1360-1415) married King John I of Portugal (1357-1433). Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by Henry Yevele with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of 592. For places and organisations named after him, see, A portrait commissioned in c. 1593 by Sir, John of Gaunt: Son of One King, Father of Another, Kathryn Warner, Amberley Publishing, 2022. When he became unpopular later in life, scurrilous rumours and lampoons circulated that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher, perhaps because Edward III was not present at the birth. Also known as: John of Gaunt, duc dAquitaine, John of Gaunt, earl of Richmond. Sick, demoralised and mutinous, the army was in no shape to defend Aquitaine, and soldiers began to desert. [21] During the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, John of Gaunt was far from the centre of events, on the March of Scotland, but he was among those named by the rebels as a traitor to be beheaded as soon as he could be found. [3] Biography . John impeached William of Wykeham and other leaders of the reform movement, and secured their conviction on old or trumped-up charges. Only four months after his return to England, in March 1390, Richard II formally invested Gaunt with the Duchy of Aquitaine, thus providing him with the overseas territory he had long desired. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. Married to: Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby; 14721504. His administration of the province was a disappointment, and his appointment as duke was much resented by the Gascons, since Aquitaine had previously always been held directly by the king of England or his heir; it was not felt to be a fief that a king could bestow on a subordinate. King James I. of Scotland, and through her the Royal Family of Scotland descended from John of Gaunt; secondly, John Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorn, from which marriage descended the Stewart Earls of Atholl, of whom there are still . (1911). Son of: Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Lady Margaret Beaufort. The phrase "long castel" is a reference to Lancaster (also called "Loncastel" and "Longcastell"), "walles white" is thought to likely be an oblique reference to Blanche, "Seynt Johan" was John of Gaunt's name-saint, and "ryche hil" is a reference to Richmond; these thinly veiled references reveal the identity of the grieving black knight of the poem as John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Earl of Richmond. He mediated between the king and a group of rebellious nobles, which included Gaunt's own son and heir-apparent, Henry Bolingbroke. "White" is the English translation of the French word "blanche", implying that the white lady was Blanche of Lancaster.[27]. 1. Meanwhile, in England, war had nearly broken out between the followers of King Richard II and the followers of Gloucester. Shortly after the army returned to Portugal, John of Gaunt concluded a secret treaty with John of Trastmara under which he and his wife renounced all claim to the Castilian throne in return for a large annual payment and the marriage of their daughter Catherine to John of Trastmara's son, Henry. Many deserted or abandoned the army to ride north under French safe conducts. [25], For the remainder of his life, John of Gaunt occupied the role of valued counsellor of the king and loyal supporter of the Crown. Four or more generations of descendants of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) if they are properly linked:1. His vast estates made him the richest man in England, and his great wealth, ostentatious display of it, autocratic manner and attitudes, enormous London mansion (the Savoy Palace on the Strand) and association with the failed peace process at Bruges combined to make him the most visible target of social resentments. However, John's ascendancy to political power coincided with widespread resentment of his influence. However, mistrust remained, and some suspected him of wanting to seize the throne himself. John of Gaunt, born in 1340, was the third son of King Edward III. However, he did not immediately return to the province, but remained in England and mainly ruled through seneschals as an absentee duke. Alison Weir dispels the myth of a scheming enchantress and reveals her to be a most influential figure of the 14th century . In 1386 John departed for Spain to pursue his claim to the kingship of Castile and Leon based upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371. He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the Crown of Castile that came courtesy of his second wife Constance, who was an heir to the Castillian Kingdom, and for a time styled himself as such. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times, volume XII part 1: Skelmersdale to Towton. John inherited the rest of the Lancaster property when Blanche's sister Maud, Countess of Leicester (married to William V, Count of Hainaut), died without issue on 10 April 1362. During this retreat, the army had to fight its way across the Somme at the ford of Blanchetaque against a French army led by Hugh de Chtillon, who was captured and sold to Edward III. The army reached English-occupied Bordeaux on 24 December 1373, severely weakened in numbers with the loss of at least one-third of their force in action and another third to disease. Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII. John was the fourth son of King Edward III of England. Quarterly, France moderne and England, a bordure Azure charged alternatively with fleurs de lys and martlets Or, impaling, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure compone Argent and Azure[14]. is descended from. John and Kate are also my 18th great-grandparents (though I'm not royal or at all famous). John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, most famously known for his work The Canterbury Tales. John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1373-1410)-married Margaret Holland. The House of Beaufort adopted various heraldic or quasi-heraldic symbols, badges or cognisances. About Me. Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester (16291700), sixth in descent from Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, assisted in the Restoration of the Monarchy to King Charles II, who in 1682 created him Duke of Beaufort. By the middle of November, the survivors of the sickly army returned to Calais, where the Earl of Warwick died of the plague. The present King therefore has a far more complex biological relationship to their common ancestor. (ed. The known names of these children are Blanche and Thomas. He was the third son of Edward III, who became Duke of Lancaster through his marriage to Blanche. famous descendants of john of gaunt why does wilbur soot have two spotify accounts why does wilbur soot have two spotify accounts Despite Johns extreme unpopularity, he maintained his position after the accession of his ten-year-old nephew, Richard II, in 1377, and from 1381 to 1386 he mediated between the Kings party and the opposition group led by Johns younger brother, Thomas Woodstock, earl of Gloucester. With them, he participated in the Siege of Limoges (September 1370). Fit for a King (or Queen): the British Royalty Quiz, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-of-Gaunt-duke-of-Lancaster, Spartacus Educational - Biography of John of Gaunt, English Monarchs - Biography of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). As a younger brother of Edward, Prince of Wales (Edward, the Black Prince), John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of Edward's son, who became King Richard II, and the ensuing periods of political strife. 'Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster' John of Gaunt (1340-1399) was the son of one king and the father of another. Furthermore, while King Edward and the Prince of Wales were popular heroes due to their successes on the battlefield, John of Gaunt had not won equivalent military renown that could have bolstered his reputation. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in . Perhaps she is known more as the subject of a 20th-century romantic novel than for her real life. The first, called to grant massive war taxation to the Crown, turned into a parliamentary revolution, with the Commons (supported to some extent by the Lords) venting their grievances at decades of crippling taxation, misgovernment, and suspected endemic corruption among the ruling classes. This page was last edited on 13 April 2023, at 16:49. This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England". The Savoy Palace was systematically destroyed by the mob and burned to the ground. John (1362-1365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short lived boy called John in 1366. After Blanche's premature death in 1368 and Gaunt's re-marriage in 1371, Elizabeth and her siblings joined the household of Gaunt's second wife . London: Nichols & Son, 1826. They were later legitimised by royal and papal decrees, but this did not affect Henry IV's bar to their having a place in the line of succession. The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was ended out of political necessity.[17]. Though it seemed an inglorious conclusion to the campaign, John had forced the French king, Charles V, to abandon his plans to invade England that autumn.[9]. Edward of. Though he attempted to defend the duchy against French encroachment for nearly a year, lack of resources and money meant he could do little but husband what small territory the English still controlled, and he resigned the command in September 1371 and returned to England. He planned a 'great expedition' of mounted men in a large armada of ships to land at Brest and take control of Brittany. Though John was never able to make good his claim, his daughter by Constance, Catherine of Lancaster, became Queen of Castile by marrying Henry III of Castile. Major children and living persons must directly contact the, Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1), Relationship with KATHERINE DE ROET (spouse), Relationship with Blanche Of LANCASTER (spouse), Relationship with Constanza DE CASTILE-LEON (spouse), Relationship with Marie De St HILAIRE (spouse), Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1, List of all individuals in the family tree, {{ 'gw_downgraded_access_back_to_max'|translate }}, Born 24June1340 - Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium, Deceased (3 FEB 1398/99) - Leicester Castle, Leicestershire, Buried in1399 - St Pauls Cathedral, London, Middlesex, Burial: Note: - John of Gaunt was buried alongside his first wife, Blanche ofLancaster, in the nave of Old St. Paul's Cathedral in an alabaster tomb. Many hundreds of English, including close friends and retainers of John of Gaunt, died of disease or exhaustion. His direct male line, the House of Lancaster, would rule England from 1399 until the time of the Wars of the Roses. John married Katherine in 1396, and their children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of John of Gaunt (1340-1399) to other famous people. While John of Gaunt had gambled on an early decisive battle, the Castilians were in no hurry to join battle, and he began to experience difficulties keeping his army together and paying it. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) 2. John had to give up on his ambitions in Spain and hurry back to England in 1389. Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) 3. Unlike some of Richard's unpopular advisors, John was away from London at the time of the uprising and thus avoided the direct wrath of the rebels. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) m. Blanche of Lancaster (1345-1369) Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) m. John I of Portugal (1358-1433) Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter (1363-1426) m. 1st, John Hasting, 3rd Earl of Pembroke m. 2nd, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (c1352-1400) Afonso of Portugal (1390-1400) 3. Here are 10 facts about the royal ancestor, John of Gaunt. Through his daughter Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, he was an ancestor of the Yorkist kings Edward IV, Edward V and Richard III. Privacy Policy | ContactMe 2010-2023 FamousKin.com. His time at the head of government was marked by the so-called Good Parliament of 1376 and the Bad Parliament of 1377. By then well established, he owned at least thirty castles and estates across England and France and maintained a household comparable in scale and organisation to that of a monarch. Dates: 1354 - March 24, 1394. Morieux held several important posts, including Constable of the Tower the year he was married, and Master of Horse to King Richard II two years later. Fortune states three times in her response to the plaintiff, "And also, you still have your best friend alive" (32, 40, 48); she also references his "beste frend" in the envoy when appealing to his "noblesse" to help Chaucer to a higher estate. The male line was however continued through Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, the illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, who adopted the surname "Somerset" and used the arms of Beaufort but with a baton sinister for bastardy.[5]. Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of John of Gaunt (1340-1399) to other famous people. King John Plantaganet was king of England from 1199 to 1216. This is the famous portrait of John of Gaunt, thought to be a copy of one taken from life. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. John's daughter, Blanche, married Sir Thomas Morieux in 1381. In faith of which I have placed hereto the seal of my arms, and also my own signet, which I always carry myself, in the presence of the following witnesses: Maistre John Kenyngham, Doctor in Theology; Sir John Newton, Parson of the Church of Burbach; Sir Walter Piers, Parson of the Church of Wymondham; William Harpeden, and Robert Symeon, Esquires; and by John de Bynbrok, of the Diocese of Lincoln, Notary. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey.
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